In the heart of Morocco, a musical tradition thrives despite societal pressures and modern challenges. Mbarka Moullablad, known by her stage name 'Thouria,' represents a generation of women preserving aita, an oral tradition deeply embedded in Moroccan culture. This unique folk singing style, meaning 'cry' or 'lament' in Arabic, echoes through urban bars and intimate countryside weddings alike.
Aita is far more than just music—it's a poetic expression infused with themes of love, pain, societal dynamics, and economic struggles. For the performers, or cheikha, embodying this art form also means navigating societal stigmas. Often marginalized, these women infuse their performances with heavy makeup, silk caftans, and striking takchita belts, transforming stages into platforms for truth-telling.
At the core of this tradition lies a community role that extends beyond mere entertainment. Cheikha like Moullablad are revered as societal commentators, weaving melodies that address the intricacies of marriage, the struggles of rural life, and resistance to historical oppression. In Morocco’s Sidi Yahya Zaer, Moullablad’s hometown on the Atlantic plains, she sings to support her family, finding acceptance within her community despite initial resistance.
The magnetism of aita gatherings is palpable. Audiences are drawn in as Moullablad’s voice rises, creating a spellbinding blend of music and dance. Her sister, Fatiha, adds another layer to the performance with her rhythmic movements, while a supporting band underscores the cultural tale told through music. These gatherings serve as a testament to a community’s resilience, addressing social truths often left unspoken.
Interestingly, aita transcends linguistic and ethnic boundaries within Morocco, including performances in Amazigh, the indigenous Berber language. This adaptability allows aita to maintain relevancy amidst Morocco’s evolving musical landscape, where Middle Eastern pop and rap are gaining popularity among its youth.
This rich tradition has inspired contemporary adaptations such as 'Aita, Mon Amour' and innovative troupes like Kabareh Cheikhats. These groups breathe new life into the music, bridging generations through homage to iconic female folk singers of the 20th century. The art form has also captured cinematic attention, featured in films like 'Everybody Loves Touda,' Morocco’s submission to the Academy Awards, spotlighting a single mother’s dream of singing against societal expectations.
Director Nabil Ayouch encapsulates aita's enduring appeal, highlighting the uncanny ability of these songs to resonate with diverse audiences, invoking a trance-like state akin to a spiritual experience. His film acts as a cultural lens into the transformative power of aita, embracing both the modern and the conservative.
Despite the pressures of urbanization and the shrinking of rural communities, the essence of aita remains resilient. The tradition is continually reborn through younger generations, preserving its roots while evolving with the times. Aita may face an uncertain future, yet it continues to be loved by listeners of all ages, a testament to its profound cultural significance and dynamic legacy.
In a world where change is constant, aita stands as a steadfast pillar of Moroccan heritage, a vibrant thread in the rich tapestry of the nation’s cultural identity.
