In the heart of Myanmar, where political tensions and conflicts are a daily narrative, there exists a cultural element that resonates across divides. This is the age-old tradition of using thanakha, a distinctive yellowish-white paste that has adorned the faces of the country's people for generations. With its roots deeply embedded in the nation's history, Myanmar now seeks to have thanakha recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, a move that could bolster the nation's cultural profile on a global stage.
Thanakha, derived from the bark of specific sandalwood trees native to the dry regions of central Myanmar, is more than just a cosmetic. It is an emblem of Myanmar's cultural identity, spanning over a millennium. Historical murals in the ancient city of Bagan illustrate the age-old tradition, depicting figures adorned with thanakha – underscoring its long-standing cultural footprint.
The paste serves a multitude of purposes. Predominantly, it is applied to the cheeks, nose, and forehead, serving both decorative and protective functions. It shields the skin from harsh sunlight, possesses cooling properties, and is sometimes used as a medium for protest symbols, as seen in demonstrations post the 2021 military coup. This cultural staple transcends age and gender, with both the young and old, male and female, participating in its daily application.
To celebrate and promote this unique tradition, an event was held in Yangon, featuring participants from various social organizations. People from ages five to eighty gathered, showcasing their pride in this cultural heritage through traditional songs and dances. The event not only celebrated the rich cultural tradition but also strategically highlighted Myanmar's efforts to secure international recognition.
The journey to obtaining UNESCO's endorsement has been a complex one. An initial attempt in March 2020 was thwarted due to an incomplete application. Currently, the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture is meticulously working to ensure a robust submission by the coming deadline. Successfully securing the prestigious recognition would mark thanakha as Myanmar's second cultural treasure on the UNESCO list, following the inclusion of the traditional water festival, Thingyan.
Despite the prevailing political turmoil and civil unrest, thanakha remains a unifying cultural identifier. Whether in the strongholds of resistance or among supporters of the military junta, its application is a shared tradition, bridging the societal fissures that otherwise characterize Myanmar's current landscape.
The cultural pursuit extends beyond just crafting international awareness. Myanmar has dedicated the full-moon day of Tabodwe in its traditional calendar as Myanma Thanakha Day, ensuring that this cultural practice continues to receive the reverence it rightly deserves.
In sum, Myanmar's efforts to elevate thanakha to a UNESCO-recognized status is not merely about cultural preservation but a broader attempt to rally unity through shared traditions. It's a testament to the enduring cultural resilience that persists even amidst political upheaval.
