The M23 rebel group, backed by Rwanda, took control of Goma, a key city in eastern Congo, last week. In an effort to reassure local residents, the new rulers held a public rally promising safety and stability under their administration. Goma, now described as 'liberated and sanitized' by the political leader Corneille Nangaa, welcomed thousands at the city stadium for the announcement. The M23 leadership intends to instill confidence among the populace by prioritizing security and resuming daily activities such as schooling and governmental operations starting next week.
Despite presenting a facade of governance and stability, the rebels, supported by around 4,000 Rwandan troops according to United Nations experts, encounter substantial international pressure. The strategic capture of Goma highlights the rebels’ significant influence, as they are one of the over 100 active armed factions in eastern Congo. This area is renowned for its abundance of minerals essential to global technology.
This recent seizure of power by the M23 follows the group's brief control of Goma in 2012, with key differences suggesting a broader ambition to assume political authority. Analysts suggest this time around, the rebels aim not only to hold territory but also to establish governance under their banner. However, the culminated ceasefire declaration has been dismissed by the Congolese government as 'false communication.' The United Nations also reports ongoing skirmishes with Congolese forces elsewhere in the eastern province.
The capture of Goma, previously a humanitarian center facilitating operations for over 6 million displaced persons due to regional conflict, raises concerns over the welfare of these individuals amidst the ongoing unrest. At the rally, Emmanuel Kakule, a local resident, expressed his apprehension, indicating that the M23's assurances did not entirely convince him or dispel fears of prolonged instability.
Meanwhile, Malawi President Lazarus Chakwera announced intentions to withdraw his country's peacekeeping troops from the region, acknowledging the rebels' ceasefire claim as a stepping stone for negotiations towards lasting peace. The Malawian troops form part of a regional contingent aiding the Congolese army. To date, the conflict has resulted in the loss of three Malawian and fourteen South African peacekeepers, underscoring the perilous situation on the ground. President Chakwera, however, refrained from providing a definitive timeline for withdrawal.
The situation in Eastern Congo remains fragile, as ongoing confrontations between the rebels and the national army persist. The international community continues to observe and react to these developments with urgency, given the region's critical resources and humanitarian implications.